When school administrators hear the phrase, “We just need one more paraprofessional,” it's usually coming from a good place. Teachers want to give students the best support possible, and adding another para could be the solution. However, as Dr. Kristie Pretti-Frontczak and Dr. Julie Causton explain, relying on paraprofessionals as the go-to fix might not be the best approach.

Paraprofessionals are critical players in creating inclusive classrooms but aren’t a cure-all. Instead of being the first option, paras should be part of a broader, more balanced strategy to support all students effectively.

Understanding the Real Role of Paraprofessionals

Paras, as they’re often called, are crucial in inclusive classrooms. They help both students and teachers, creating an environment where everyone has a chance to succeed. But here’s where things can go sideways: When we start seeing paraprofessionals as the first line of defense instead of as a backup after other strategies have been tried.

The Band-Aid Fix

Picture this: You’ve got a leaking pipe, and instead of fixing it properly, you slap a band-aid over the leak. It might stop the water for a bit, but it’s not solving the actual problem. This is what happens when we lean on paraprofessionals as the primary solution. It can cover up the real issues without addressing them. Hiring a para might seem like an easy fix, but to get lasting results, we need to dig deeper and explore other support strategies.

The Unseen Problems with Over-Relying on Paraprofessionals

Even though paraprofessionals are dedicated and mean well, making them the default solution can lead to unexpected and not-so-great outcomes.

Students Become Too Dependent

One considerable risk is that students might become too reliant on having an adult by their side. When a para is always there, it can stop students from learning how to be independent and confident. This dependence can hold them back, keeping them from taking risks and engaging with their peers meaningfully.

Getting in the Way of Friendships

Paraprofessionals might get in the way of students building friendships without proper training. If a student always has an adult with them, it can create a barrier between them and their classmates, leading to social isolation. This can rob them of the interactions that are so important for their social and emotional development.

Behavioral Issues Can Get Worse

Another downside is that paras might unknowingly cause behavioral problems without the right training. For example, separating a student from the group to manage their behavior can reinforce negative behaviors instead of addressing the root cause. Plus, it can make the student feel singled out, which affects their sense of belonging.

Stigmatization Hurts Belonging

When a student has an adult shadowing them all day, it can make them feel different. This can lead to stigmatization, where students feel like they don’t fit in with the class. Over time, this can chip away at their self-esteem and motivation, making it harder for them to engage in their learning fully.

Better Ways to Support Students Without Overreliance on Paraprofessionals

Given these potential pitfalls, exploring other strategies that can provide the necessary support without leaning too heavily on paraprofessionals is worth exploring. Here are some practical alternatives to help create a more inclusive and effective learning environment:

1. Rethink the Classroom Setup

Start by looking at the physical and social environment of the classroom. Simple changes can make a big difference in how students interact with the material and each other. For example:

• Flexible Seating: Offer different seating options to meet the diverse needs of students. Let them choose where they work best.
• Visual Schedules: Use visual schedules to help students know what to expect throughout the day, which can reduce anxiety and help with transitions.
• Quiet Zones: Set up quiet areas where students can take a break when needed. This helps them manage their emotions and stay focused.

2. Adjust the Pace of Learning

Differentiation isn’t just about changing the content—it’s also about adjusting the pace to suit all learners. Here’s how you can do that:

• Give Extra Time: Some students need more time to process information. Offering extended time can help them feel less rushed.
• Mix-Up Activities: Use a variety of activities that cater to different learning styles to keep students engaged and prevent burnout.
• Include Breaks and Previews: Let students take breaks or preview material before it’s introduced to the class. This can help them stay on track and build confidence.

3. Change How You Present the Material

How you present information can make a massive difference in student engagement and understanding. Try these strategies:

• Use Multiple Senses: Combine visual, auditory, and hands-on approaches to reach students with different learning preferences.
• Break It Down: Split complex information into smaller, manageable chunks to make it easier for students to understand.
• Make Lessons Interactive: Add group work or hands-on activities to make learning more engaging and collaborative.

Training and Supporting Paraprofessionals the Right Way

While exploring alternatives is important, we can’t forget about the paraprofessionals already in the classroom. They need proper training and support to understand their role in fostering independence and inclusion rather than creating dependency.

Comprehensive Training Programs

Training should be ongoing and cover key topics like:

• Fading Support: Teach paras how to gradually step back so that students can build their independence over time.
• Building Friendships: Emphasize helping students form connections with their peers.
• Managing Behavior: Equip paras with strategies for dealing with behavior in a way that promotes positive outcomes without isolating the student.

Quick Access to Help

Paras should have access to resources they can use on the fly, like quick reference guides, online modules, or a mentor system where they can get advice from experienced colleagues.

Tailored Professional Development

Recognize that paras come with different levels of experience. Professional development should be tailored to meet their needs, whether they’re new to the role or have been at it for years.

Moving Toward a Truly Inclusive Classroom

Inclusion is more than just having students in the same room; it’s about ensuring every student is supported in a way that encourages independence, connection, and growth. While paraprofessionals are a valuable part of the equation, they shouldn’t be the only answer. By exploring alternative strategies and providing training for paras, we can build learning environments where all students can truly thrive.

Links and Resources

• Supplemental Aids and Services Checklist: Download this comprehensive checklist to explore alternative support strategies before considering additional paraprofessional support.
• Para-Bytes Training Modules: Learn more about our bite-sized training modules designed specifically for paraprofessionals.